Build a Node.js App with CockroachDB

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Warning:
CockroachDB v19.1 is no longer supported as of October 30, 2020. For more details, refer to the Release Support Policy.

This tutorial shows you how build a simple Node.js application with CockroachDB using a PostgreSQL-compatible driver or ORM.

We have tested the Node.js pg driver and the Sequelize ORM enough to claim beta-level support, so those are featured here. If you encounter problems, please open an issue with details to help us make progress toward full support.

Tip:

For a more realistic use of Sequelize with CockroachDB, see our examples-ormsrepository.

Before you begin

  1. Install CockroachDB.
  2. Start up a secure or insecure local cluster.
  3. Choose the instructions that correspond to whether your cluster is secure or insecure:

Step 1. Install the Sequelize ORM

To install Sequelize, as well as a CockroachDB Node.js package that accounts for some minor differences between CockroachDB and PostgreSQL, run the following command:

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$ npm install sequelize sequelize-cockroachdb

Step 2. Create the maxroach user and bank database

Start the built-in SQL client:

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$ cockroach sql --certs-dir=certs

In the SQL shell, issue the following statements to create the maxroach user and bank database:

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> CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS maxroach;
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> CREATE DATABASE bank;

Give the maxroach user the necessary permissions:

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> GRANT ALL ON DATABASE bank TO maxroach;

Exit the SQL shell:

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> \q

Step 3. Generate a certificate for the maxroach user

Create a certificate and key for the maxroach user by running the following command. The code samples will run as this user.

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$ cockroach cert create-client maxroach --certs-dir=certs --ca-key=my-safe-directory/ca.key

Step 4. Run the Node.js code

The following code uses the Sequelize ORM to map Node.js-specific objects to SQL operations. Specifically, Account.sync({force: true}) creates an accounts table based on the Account model (or drops and recreates the table if it already exists), Account.bulkCreate([...]) inserts rows into the table, and Account.findAll() selects from the table so that balances can be printed.

Copy the code or download it directly.

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var Sequelize = require('sequelize-cockroachdb');
var fs = require('fs');

// Connect to CockroachDB through Sequelize.
var sequelize = new Sequelize('bank', 'maxroach', '', {
    dialect: 'postgres',
    port: 26257,
    logging: false,
    dialectOptions: {
        ssl: {
            ca: fs.readFileSync('certs/ca.crt')
                .toString(),
            key: fs.readFileSync('certs/client.maxroach.key')
                .toString(),
            cert: fs.readFileSync('certs/client.maxroach.crt')
                .toString()
        }
    }
});

// Define the Account model for the "accounts" table.
var Account = sequelize.define('accounts', {
    id: {
        type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
        primaryKey: true
    },
    balance: {
        type: Sequelize.INTEGER
    }
});

// Create the "accounts" table.
Account.sync({
        force: true
    })
    .then(function () {
        // Insert two rows into the "accounts" table.
        return Account.bulkCreate([{
                id: 1,
                balance: 1000
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                balance: 250
            }
        ]);
    })
    .then(function () {
        // Retrieve accounts.
        return Account.findAll();
    })
    .then(function (accounts) {
        // Print out the balances.
        accounts.forEach(function (account) {
            console.log(account.id + ' ' + account.balance);
        });
        process.exit(0);
    })
    .catch(function (err) {
        console.error('error: ' + err.message);
        process.exit(1);
    });

Then run the code:

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$ node sequelize-basic-sample.js

The output should be:

1 1000
2 250

To verify that funds were transferred from one account to another, start the built-in SQL client:

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$ cockroach sql --certs-dir=/tmp/certs -e 'SELECT id, balance FROM accounts' --database=bank
+----+---------+
| id | balance |
+----+---------+
|  1 |    1000 |
|  2 |     250 |
+----+---------+
(2 rows)

Step 2. Create the maxroach user and bank database

Start the built-in SQL client:

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$ cockroach sql --insecure

In the SQL shell, issue the following statements to create the maxroach user and bank database:

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> CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS maxroach;
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> CREATE DATABASE bank;

Give the maxroach user the necessary permissions:

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> GRANT ALL ON DATABASE bank TO maxroach;

Exit the SQL shell:

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> \q

Step 3. Run the Node.js code

The following code uses the Sequelize ORM to map Node.js-specific objects to SQL operations. Specifically, Account.sync({force: true}) creates an accounts table based on the Account model (or drops and recreates the table if it already exists), Account.bulkCreate([...]) inserts rows into the table, and Account.findAll() selects from the table so that balances can be printed.

Copy the code or download it directly.

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var Sequelize = require('sequelize-cockroachdb');

// Connect to CockroachDB through Sequelize.
var sequelize = new Sequelize('bank', 'maxroach', '', {
  dialect: 'postgres',
  port: 26257,
  logging: false
});

// Define the Account model for the "accounts" table.
var Account = sequelize.define('accounts', {
  id: { type: Sequelize.INTEGER, primaryKey: true },
  balance: { type: Sequelize.INTEGER }
});

// Create the "accounts" table.
Account.sync({force: true}).then(function() {
  // Insert two rows into the "accounts" table.
  return Account.bulkCreate([
    {id: 1, balance: 1000},
    {id: 2, balance: 250}
  ]);
}).then(function() {
  // Retrieve accounts.
  return Account.findAll();
}).then(function(accounts) {
  // Print out the balances.
  accounts.forEach(function(account) {
    console.log(account.id + ' ' + account.balance);
  });
  process.exit(0);
}).catch(function(err) {
  console.error('error: ' + err.message);
  process.exit(1);
});

Then run the code:

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$ node sequelize-basic-sample.js

The output should be:

1 1000
2 250

To verify that the table and rows were created successfully, you can again use the built-in SQL client:

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$ cockroach sql --insecure -e 'SHOW TABLES' --database=bank
+------------+
| table_name |
+------------+
| accounts   |
+------------+
(1 row)
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$ cockroach sql --insecure -e 'SELECT id, balance FROM accounts' --database=bank
+----+---------+
| id | balance |
+----+---------+
|  1 |    1000 |
|  2 |     250 |
+----+---------+
(2 rows)

What's next?

Read more about using the Sequelize ORM, or check out a more realistic implementation of Sequelize with CockroachDB in our examples-orms repository.

You might also be interested in the following pages:


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